IP – internet protocol

At the heart of the internet lies the Internet Protocol. Internet Protocol defines a packet switched network, where information is carried in packets of bits. These packets of bits are also known as datagrams.

The Internet Protocol is the primary protocol at the internet layer of the TCP/IP stack. TCP/IP or more correctly the Internet Protocol Suite is actually a suite of protocols with the expressed aim of providing meaningful computer communications.

IP, the Internet Protocol is the most important of the protocols as it is upon this that all other rely. It is responsible for determining the source and determining IP addresses of every packet.

Internet Protocol enables data and other traffic to traverse the internet and to arrive at the desired destination.

IP not only provides a standardized ‘envelope’ for the information is sent; it also contains ‘header’ that provides addressing, routing and message-handling information that enables a message to be directed to its final destination over the various media that compose the internet.
IP – internet protocol

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a Connection Oriented, End to End, Reliable protocol.

It was designed specially to provide a reliable logical circuit or connection, between application processes on different machines.

It establishes a connection and ensures that the other end receive any packets.

In the early 1970s, the internet was a small research network called ARPAnet. This network used a technology called Network Control Protocol NCP, which allowed hosts to connect to each other.

NCP did approximately the same job that TCP and IP do together today. Due to limitation in NCP, new protocol was developed to be better suited to a growing internetwork.

TCP is the IP-suite transport layer protocol that provides all the functions that a typical needs for a reliable transportation of data across an arbitrary internetwork with guaranteed delivery.

Once the devices have connected to each other, they can pass data bidirectionally between them.

In the first phase, a connection is set up between the two hosts which are to communicate. This stage called synchronization.

The second phase is a phase of data transfer. TCP undertakes acknowledgements of segments, as well as flow control and congestion control during the data transfer.

After the completion of data transfer, either of the two ends may close the close connection.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)