Structure of operating system

Operating system performs three functions:
*Convenience: An OS makes a computer more convenient to use.
*Efficiency: An OS allows the computer system resources to be used in an efficient manner.
*Ability to evolve: An OS should be constructed in such a way as to permit an efective development, testing and introduction of new system functions without at the same time interfering with service.

Every operating system has its own internal structure in terms of file arrangement, memory management, storage management, etc, and the entire performance of the system depends on its structure.

The elementary approach to structure an operating system is simple structure. Simple structure OS systems are small, simple and limited systems. MS-DOS is an operating system designed with this approach.

Structure of MS-DOS

An operating system may process its workload serially or concurrently. That is resources of the computer system nay be dedicated to a single program until its completion, or they may be dynamically reassigned among a collection of active programs in different stages of execution.

The main element of an OS that a user sees is the graphical user interface or GUI. This is the display and the method of interaction that the user can take to manipulate the OS via the display.

For example, in a personal computer OS such as Windows 7, the user can see a desktop, a background and icons. These are manipulated by way of the keyboard and mouse usually. In a mobile computer OS such as Android, the user can see a main screen with icons that can be manipulated with his fingers, with stylus or by voice.
Structure of operating system

The Operating System

The operating system (OS) consists of the master of programs that manage the basic operations of the computer.

These programs provide the control and use of hardware resources, including disk space, memory, CPU time allocation, and peripheral devices.

They are also the interface between computer hardware and application programs, allowing end users can concentrate on their own tasks or application rather than on the complexities of managing the computer.

To be more specific, the operating system is used to control the hardware memory, schedule the execution of programs, and schedule input output traffic between the CPU and other devices.

A good operating system, can dramatically improve the effectiveness and the efficiency of program execution performance.

Many different operating systems are available for computers.

Some operating systems are designed for a microcomputer single user environment, and others are for multiple users.

The complexity of operating system is much higher in a multiple user operating system due to the management of computer memory and CPU time shared by many users.

Today, many computers use what is called an operating environment, which provides end users with a user friendly interface to use.

Some operating systems have a graphical user interface that provide visual clues such as icons and objects the help the users.

Each icon represents a folder, an application package, or file. By clicking icons, users can open a folder or use an application package.
The Operating System